Duty to rescue Free Essay Example, 1000 words

Punishing criminals in such way can â€Å"control their actions because punishment causes pain and† it is but natural for an individual â€Å"to try to the best of his or her ability to avoid pain† (Jackson). In relation, it is contended that a unilateral act of rescuing an individual in danger can create the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of people. In such case, to be in accord with Benthams theory, it should be made a legal duty—making one criminally liable for failure to rescue. This can effectively deter the â€Å"disregarding† tendency of some individuals and promote greater awareness to the members of the society. Kantian Ethics On the other side, to bolster the need of making the failure to rescue a crime, it is best to examine the philosophies of Immanuel Kant and his followers. Kant actually criticized the utilitarian principle saying that for people to act morally, they should act from duty and not based on happiness (Kant, qtd. in Abbott 14). Using happiness for him as a measure to determine whether an act is moral or not can be subjective. We will write a custom essay sample on Duty to rescue or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now He argues that it is the motive of the person which makes an act right or wrong (Kant, qtd. in Abbott 2). For instance, the act of rescuing a distressed individual in line with Kantian principle can be morally right if the overseer helps the person knowingly and willfully. This means that the individual’s act is purely based on reason. It is his or her initiative or will that pushed him or her to be in aid of the person and not based on society’s expectation. Nonetheless, it is a basic principle that no person shall be punished basing on his or her will alone since ones intellect is not capable of exact determination. An overt act is needed to determine if the person in fact violated a law which warrants punishment. In connection, one could not be punished for a failure to rescue if it will be solely evaluated on the overseer’s will. Thus, for it to be a crime, the over act which is separate from the will of the individual shoul d be properly considered. Relevant Cases There are actually three cases relevant to the adoption of a statute which would impose criminal liability on the failure to rescue. The first case is People vs. Beardsley, 150 Mich. 206, 113 N. W. 1128, decided by the Supreme Court of Michigan in 1907. Beardsley in this case was absolved from the crime of manslaughter (Secret Helper). The court ruled that in the absence of a legal obligation to rescue, it is the moral duty of anyone to assist others when in danger.

Prenatal And Infancy Childhood Memories Of Drugs

Prenatal/Infancy This writer’s earliest knowledge of drugs or alcohol is of his grandfather. From information gained from his parents his grandfather drank regularly near him and his siblings. This writer has no memory of drugs or alcohol. This writers father was a heavy cigarette smoker, there was knowledge of cigarette smoke in the house because of the smoke smell. This writer also remembers that there was cigarette smoking everywhere. Not like now days where you can’t smoke in malls, restaurants, bars, movie theaters, and air ports. During the early 1980’s you could smoke everywhere. This writer also remembers stories from his grandmother about this writer’s father. The stories where about this writer’s father was in his infancy period of development. This writer’s father who was raised in the early 1940’s was surrounded by lots of alcoholic beverages, and cigar smoke. This writer and his father had a similar upbringing. Childhood This writer’s childhood earliest memories of drugs or alcohol is at the age of nine having his first taste of an alcoholic beverage. This writer remembers sneaking into the basement and grabbing one of his father’s warm bears. The taste of that warm old bear you would think turned away this writer form drinks alcoholic beverages again. This writer still remembers wanting to drink again and again. This writer also remembers starting to experiment with cigarette’s. this writer started smoking with his two older brothers that where in their teenShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Meant By Plasticity On The Context Of Neural Development And Briefly Describe How It Occurs As A Lifelong Essay1219 Words   |  5 Pages2011). These stages include prenatal and postnatal events that give rise to human brain functioning. The major prenatal events include neural induction, neurulation, cell proliferation and migration, followed by differentiation, apoptosis, and axonal outgrowth. 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Banned Essay Research Paper BannedCensorship is the free essay sample

Banned Essay, Research Paper Banned Censoring is the supervising and control of the information and thoughts that are circulated among the people within society. Censoring refers, in this state of affairs to the scrutiny of books in our school course of study, for the intent of changing, or stamp downing parts thought to be obnoxious, or violative. Based on the article, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was banned because of its hapless usage of grammar, the racialist words, the racial names and the racial force throughout out the novel. Another concern is how these ( jobs ) will consequence the pupils reading it. Another ground being the Civil War had merely ended. This meant that Reconstruction was disintegrating, racial force was intensifying, and segregation restricted the inkinesss a right to vote. This shows us the American society of the 1800 s were more concerned with the international relationship between Huck and Jim than the racial issues. We will write a custom essay sample on Banned Essay Research Paper BannedCensorship is the or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Peoples in this twenty-four hours and age oppose reading Adventures of Huckleberry Finn in schools today because of the hapless usage of grammar, racial slang and actions non allow for school aged childs. It besides challenges what people think, that racism is no longer a job in the United States today. This shows that our current society International Relations and Security Network T truly confident that racism is still a job refering the U.S today. It besides shows that we care more about the effects on pupils reading this and the consequence it could hold on them and the society of today. In the1800 s when Adventures of Huckleberry Finn tungsten as published the society from ours of today differed in some ways. They differed because the society of the 1800 s still had racism nowadays, they didn t want to get down contentions, so they banned it from the libraries and bookshops. Today s society is more concerned about the effects it will hold on the pupils reading it, in life, and in school ( literature ) . I think this quotation mark means if the U.S would hold abolished racism and bondage when it foremost started to lift, this book wouldn T be such a difficult book to be taught and read. This book is a difficult book to read because it has a batch of slang used throughout it that isn T in school-aged childs vocabulary. This vocabulary so needs to be explained to them so they will understand the novel. This would besides be difficult to learn because you would hold to inquire the pupils if they would be offended by reading this, and if they are you would hold to replace in slaves, or black people. This is a difficult book to read because of all the slang used and you have to grok all of it, which is sometimes difficult. I personally feel that censoring on books about our history of the U.S shouldn T be looked over or examined because of violative evidences. This fresh Tells about the history of bondage and how it was dealt with and handled, in the clip when Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was written. This is apart of history that can t be changed, and yeah, certain, people will acquire pained, but they re merely human. You can t alter our history and do it sound like cherry pie, because some people can t read a couple words.

Southern Discomfort free essay sample

Jack Ripon the chief executive officer of the Oconomo plant who concern about the operational cost is too high to keep the profit for the company and plan to establish the plant in Mexico. Jack wants Jim Maleschowski who is president of the Wisconsin Specialty products division of Lamprey, Inc to go down to the Mexico to find out the operational cost of the establishing a new plant there and submit the report to him. Jim thinks that would be wrong as long as there’s chance its costs can be lowered by establishing new plant in Mexico, but he also thinks the boss Ripon is right because the company needs to make a better return on its investment to continue business. Beside the profit, there are other underlying forces to lead the changes in the management of the company, the changes that required being made. The high operational cost is greatest force that drives the company to look for the changes. We will write a custom essay sample on Southern Discomfort or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The forces made the company have been incurring losses instead of making profits. 1. The union’s unwilling to cooperate. And reason for the unwillingness and resistance are because of the company had tried to reduce the amount of pay and provide the cross-training for increasing the work performance, but the workers are not ready to accept the change of the company and feel they can’t live within that low wage. To solve this problem company should change in people and culture, it pertain to how employee think –change in mind set. (Daft Kendrick, 2010) . The competitors had price advantages and close to overtaking it in product quality. To be more competitive and make changes successful Company must develop improved production technologies; create new products and service desired in the marketplace. (Daft Kendrick, 2010) Under above pressures, the company should look for the organizational change. The organizational change is defined as the adoption of a new idea or behaviour by an organization. (Daft, 1982), the organizational change includes the changing and changing people and culture. (Daft, 2010) In this case, changing people and culture is the primary type of change that needs to be change. Indeed, managers usually report that changing people and culture is t most difficult job. (Rosabeth Kante, Strategy+Business no. 41 (Dec, 12, 2005) ) Closing down the Oconomo plant would cause huge unemployment people. Therefore the mind –set of the union and workers have to be changed. The lower wages and cell manufacturing would enhance the competitiveness of the company. But right now these changes are resisted by the union, so existing mindset had to be the change first. The Jim has found out that union leaders were nervous actually, they are afraid of losing the job, but they also feel that the change will compromise their job security, so in this situation effective implementation tactics involves below. 1. Consistency communication and education can help the workers to understand the needs of changes. People are most likely to change their behaviour when they both understand the rational reason for doing so and see a picture of change that influences their feelings. (Gerard Grace very Business Journal Jan-Feb 2003) The communication can be done by meeting, and survey feedback activities. Education can be done by training for both employees and managers. the education is quite important when change involves the new technology or user unfamiliar with the idea. (Daft ,2005) 2. Participation during the change process can help the workers understand the problem and committed to the change. research study have shown that actively engaging front-line employees in upfront planning and decision-making about changes that affect their work result in much smoother implementation. (Hornstein, Ivy Business Journal (Jan-Feb 2008)) Participation can be done by team work, group discussion etc. 3. Change the leadership style that Jack has to support it. One survey has found that 80% of companies that successful innovators have top CEO who frequently reinforce the importance of innovation both verbally and symbolically. (Strategos survey result). top manager should know that top-down change means initiation of the idea occur at upper levels and is implemented downward. It’s not mean that employees are not educated about change or allowed to participate in it. (Daft 2010) Similar example could be found in the Oticon Company. Experiencing the financial problem, led Oticon made the organizational change, after restructuring, Oticon has become a task culture. More customer focused work, innovative and the employees are participative during the process. Oticon has stated everyone in organization, are independent and responsible and top manager is insist on the change, and made the clear mission as people first. (Oticon people first) By studying this case, organization can be designed to respond to the environment through internal change and development like changing people and culture, actually at my working place, similar problem and challenge are faced. It is Thai restaurant called Rice market is experiencing the decline in the business, introducing new menu and dishes which are complicated to prepare and serve are resisting by the employees. In my opinion, our boss should enhance communication helping t employees to understand introducing new menu might need extra effort for prepare and serve, but it can attracting the guest and provide the good food to enhance the competitive advantages. The visible support of top management also helps overcome resistance to change. The employee should participate during the decision making of the new menu, because the waiters and chiefs who have more ideas about what kind of food and taste are mostly preferred by guest. Participation approach is time consuming, but it pays off because users understand and become committed to the change. (Daft Kendrick, 2010) References ? Management International Edition Richard L. Daft, Martyn Kendrick, Natalia Vershinina, 2010. South-Western: Cengage Learning p407 ? Management International Edition Richard L. Daft, Martyn Kendrick, Natalia Vershinina , 2010.. South-Western: Cengage Learning p395-396 ? Richard L. Daft, ‘bureaucratic VS. No bureaucratic Structure in the process of innovation and change’, in perspective in Organizational sociology: Theory and research, ed. Samuel B. Bacharach(greewich,CT: JAI press, 1982), pp. 129-166 ? Management International Edition Richard L. Daft, Martyn Kendrick, Natalia Vershinina , 2010.. South-Western: Cengage Learning p397 ? (Rosabeth Moss Kanter ‘Ececution: the Un-Idea’, siderbar in Art Kleiner, ‘our 10 most enduring Ideas’ Strategy+Business no. 41 (December 12, 2005):36-41) ? GerardH. Seijits and Grace O’Farrell, ‘Engage the Heart: Appealing to the emotions Facilitates change’, Ivery Business Jornal(Jan-Feb 2003):1-5:John P. Kotter and Dan S. Cohen, The Heart of Change:Real- life Stories of How people change their Organization(Boston: Harvard business school press,2002); and Shaul Fox and Yair Amichai Hamburger, ‘the power of emotional Appeals in promoting Organizational change programs’ , Acadamy of management Executive 15, no. 4(2001):84-95. ) ? Henry Hornstein, ‘Using a change management approach to implement IT programs’ Ivy Business Journal(Jan-Feb 2008); Philip H. mirivis, Amy L. Sales, and Edward J. Hackett, ‘The implementation and adoption of new technology in organization: The impact on work, people, and culture’, Human recourse management 30(Spring 1991) : 113-139; Arthur E. Wallach, ‘System changes begin in the training department’, personnel journal58(1979) : 846-848, 872; and Paul R. Lawrence ‘ How to deal with resistance to change’, Harvard business review 47(Jan-Fab 1969):4-12,166-176 ? Strategos survey result, reported in Loewe and Dominiquini, ‘Overcoming the Barriers to Effective Innovation’ ? Richard L. Daft organization theory and Design tenth edition south-western cengage learning 2010p430 ttp://books. google. dk/books? id=CmFjF5tNmuECpg=PA445lpg=PA445dq=oconomo+plantsource=blots=XqCHzKDXrdsig=NR2IaVjuFraYWenDkV6QQopBucghl=ensa=Xei=yJpiUfSpJ4HaOpTkgOgLved=0CDYQ6AEwAQ#v=onepageq=oconomo%20plantf=false [Accessed 3rd April 2013] ? . Richard L. Daft New era of Management second edition South-western 2005 p368 http://b ooks. google. dk/books? id=RhwMpK19nj0Cpg=PT387lpg=PT387dq=oconomo+plantsource=blots=GFSGNGohZnsig=qupXqcmAp5FkVE7oSF-IKdUocwEhl=ensa=Xei=yJpiUfSpJ4HaOpTkgOgLved=0CDkQ6AEwAg#v=onepageqf=false [Accessed 3rd April 2013] Oticon people first: http://misc. oticon. com/com/AboutOticon/CorporateCulture/index. htm[Accessed 4th April 2013] [pic] MSc. International Business and Management Critical Perspective in Global management CORP 5040 Individual case reflection 2 Should we go beyond the Law? Tour: Leslie-Ann Calliste Student name: X Hariguna Student ID: P11016406 Word count: 1027 Case reflection2 should we go beyond the Law? This case is about how the Chem-Tech Corporation considers and behaves in terms of ethics and the Social responsibility. Chem-Tech Corporation is an industry leader chemical company which located near the Dutch Valley River. Even though the company is in high competitive position, but still experienced several quarters of dismal financial performance. Nathan who is the key product developer at Chem-Tech Corporation and his team developed a new lubricant product which the company think could be the turning point in its declining fortunes. The same time the regulatory agencies loosened the requirements on reducing and recycling wastes. And the top Executives think that producing the new product can be very much cost saving because of this environmental regulation changes. The company can release waste directly into the Dutch Valley River. But Nathan has personally sentimental attachment to this river and consider about the pollution will affect the citizen. Nathan wants the Chem-Tech survives from the economic downturn but disagree with regarding the waste dumping, But in this case the Martin Feldman who is plant manager and Nathan’s direct supervisor has not agree with him and accused him of not being a team player. Martin thinks that as soon as the company is meeting the government standards, then they should focus on make a profit and stay in business. Nathan is planning to talk to the director of the manufacturing to convince the company, but same time he is facing the risk that he might losing his job due to his opposition in this case regarding to directly dumping waste into the river. In this case ethics and Social responsibility have been taken in to consideration. The ethical issue is present in a situation when the actions of the organization may harm or benefit others. (Jone, Academy of management review (1991)) The corporate Social responsibility is management’s obligation to make choices and take actions that will contribute to the welfare and interest of society as well as the organization. (Szwajkowski, ‘James E. Post (Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. 1986) There are four CSR strategies widely accepted and categorized by Garriga and Mele. (Garrige Mele Journal of business ethics, 53 (2004) 1. Instrumental theories: the corporation is an instrument for wealth creation and highly concern about the profit, only the profit aspect of the interactions between business and society is considered. This approach is related to the recent strategic literature for example Porter and Kramer (PorterKramer (2006)). 2. Political theories: consider that corporate is part of the social contract, should accept the social duties, rights and participate in social cooperation. The Crane and Matten (Grane,Matten Business Ethics)are supporter for this theories. 3. Integrative theories: consider that business is integrating social demands. The well behaved in society could bring the long term success and the profitability for organization. This approach is related to the recent strategic literature such as Mitchell et al. and Good paster and Matthews. (Mitchell, et. al. Academy of Management Review, 22 NO. 4(1997)) 4. Ethical theories: the corporate accept SR as ethical obligation and apply ethics on to organization. This approach is supported by Evan and Freeman. (EvanFreeman,R. E. (1993) In this case, the Chem- Tech Corporation is following the political theories. Because the legally they ar e doing anything wrong and they are meeting with the government regulation, they are protecting the corporate by doing the minimum required to satisfy the social expectations. They only concerned company is meeting the government standards, then should focus on make a profit and saving the cost. They don’t care about pollution caused by waste being dumping into the river. The company are facing the economic downturn and the pressure on social responsibility and environment protection cost. But if the Nathan follows the management of company and dump the waste into the river, in the current they can lower the cost significantly and get the huge profit soon. But after few years along with pollution, no one will pay for the damage to public health and the public will not accept a company and it might cause the local environmental advocacy group get them to the stage a protest of the company. At that time company’s reputation will be heavily effected and cause economic downturn again. Corporate that engaging in socially irresponsible and illicit behaviour the effect on shareholder wealth is negative. (Socially Irresponsible and Illegal Behavior and Shareholder Wealth: A Meta-Analysis of Event Studies Business Society September 1997) The government, society and the citizen are all the part of the stakeholders. The organization’s performance affect s stakeholders and stakeholders can also have heavily effect on performance and success of the organization. (Daft Kendrick, 2010) Nathan knows that top management took the advantage of the new regulation on environment to get financial recovery, and same time he knows that this benefit will be the short term and their reputation as leader in the industry will be damaged soon. So In this case, if I am Nathan, I would talk to the director of manufacturing and emphasize the responsibility Chem- Tech has as the leader in the industry to set the example, dumping the waste in to the river will not solve the company’s financial problem in long term and provide the recommendation that Chem-Tech participate in Voluntary pollution reduction as marketing tool to building the high awareness of the reputation and positioning itself as the environmentally friendly corporate. The British Petroleum case related to this content, after the oil spill accident and serious environmental damage, the company‘s behaviour of the irresponsibility that took 87 days before the well was closed and sealed. The BP’s shares felled to the lowest point and the public reputation continues to fall. For building up the reputation again they have put the huge efforts afterwards (BP oil spill http://www. theinertia. com/environment/bp-oil-spill-biggest-tech-story-of-2010/ ). So for the Chem-Tech, they should really look at this as alert and avoid things gone wrong. In the perspective of the ethics and CSR, managers often face some difficult situation to determine what is right, and managers should develop themselves with ego strength, self confidence and independence, understand the importance of the stakeholders and CSR. Look at the CSR as important strategy for building a long term return. References ? Thomas M. Jones, ‘Ethical decision Making by individuals in organization: An issue- contingent model’, Acadamy of management review 16 (1991):366-395 ? Eugene W. Szwajkowski, ‘The Myths and Realities of research on Organizational Misconduct’, in research in Corporate social performance and policy, ed. James E. Post (Greenwich, CT: JAI Press. 1986), 9: 103-122; and Keith Davis, William C. Frederich and Robert L. Blostrom, Business and Society: Concepts and Policy Issues (New York: Mc Graw-Hill, 1979) ? Garrige and Mele ‘corporate social Reponsibility theories: Mapping the Territory’ Journal of business ethics, 53 (2004):51-71. http://www. cs. unitn. it/~andreaus/bs1213/garriga_mel%C3%A9. pdf [Accessed to 7th April 2013] ? Porter, M Kramer (2006) Strategy and Society: the link between Competitive Advantage and Coporate Social responsibility, Harvard Business Review, Dec, 2006. Grane, Andrew Matten Dirk, Business Ethics: Managing Corporate Citizenship and Sustainability in the Age of Globalization ? R. K. Mitchell, B. R. Agle and D. J. Wood, ‘toward a theory of stakeholder identification and salience: defining the principle of who and what really counts’, Academy of Management Review, 22 NO. 4(1997); and Kenneth Goodpaster and John Mathhews ‘can a Corp oration have a conscience? ’, Havard Business Review, 60 (10)(1982): 132-141 ? (Evan, W. M. , Freeman,R. E. (1993), â€Å"A stakeholder theory of the modern corporation: Katian Capitalism†, in Donald-son, T. Werhane, P. H. (Eds), Ethical Issue in Business, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, pp 166-71. ? Socially Irresponsible and Illegal Behavior and Shareholder Wealth: A Meta-Analysis of Event Studies Business Society September 1997 36: 221-249, ? Management International Edition Richard L. Daft, Martyn Kendrick, Natalia Vershinina, 2010. South-Western: Cengage Learning p177 ? BP Oil Spill: biggest Tech Story of 2010 http://www. theinertia. com/environment/bp-oil-spill-biggest-tech-story-of-2010/ [Ac cessed to 7th April 2013] [pic] MSc. International Business and Management Critical Perspective in Global management CORP 5040 Personal reflection Tour: Leslie-Ann Calliste Student name: X Hariguna Student ID: P11016406 Word count: 992 Personal reflection The aim of this personal reflection is to evaluate my own understanding of the critical perspectives in global management. And how I’m developed and build up my thinking related to theories and engaging with the case study. Along with development of the society, the international dimension of management is more and more globalisation. This has become a major challenge to government, enterprises and even to personal career. The critical perspective s in global management has provide the opportunities for student to understand how the organizations and managers respond to the ever-changing situations and challenges occurred in the real life in nowadays Study through the critical perspective in global management has given the opportunity to understand my own management abilities and give insight into how I would function in the real life of management. The study through the critical perspective in global management has also helped to build up the critical thinking and management problem solving skills. I have approach to critical perspectives in global management by involved the following activates to evolved over the semester. 1. During the study of the critical perspective in global management, there are assignments and task that required to be completed by group work. Since the class are mixed with students who come from different countries, from building the group, working with group till complete the task by group, the culture difference and the culture factors are challenging us all the way. With different culture background, the group work have been through get to know each, communication, discussion, arguing, and understanding. From the group work activity, that I realize the effective group work should contain: A. Responsibility that each group member has to contribute as much as they can. B. reliance that help each other learn from the project and complete the project, relationship that encourage each other to sharing information, exchanging point of view, discuss and form good partnership. C. espect that care about each other’s need, feelings and positions. D. reflections that are aware of the how each member contribute and communicate. 2. Case study. In each lecture we have the case study which related to that specific area of knowledge in the critical perspective in global management. The case study activities is allow us to understanding the specific case related to critical perspective in global management in real life, judge and criticise by applying the related knowledge. The Donnelly J. H. , Gibson J. l. J. N have stated â€Å"this type of research design attempts to examine numerous characteristics of a person or group over an extended period of time. Since the result achieved by a case study is usually based on sample of one, the user cannot be certain as to their generality. Most cases studies raise questions for future research† (The Donnelly J. H. , Gibson J. l. J. N. , 1984) 3. Visited the company. During the lecture we were also given the opportunity to visit the actual company which called coloplast. The company have also provided us the presentation and question time. This activity has given me a opportunity to understand how the actual company is operating and ask the question personally. This has given me quite clear idea about how the manager in the company deals with real life problem in company. 4. Personal development. All the above have given me the opportunity to develop myself during the process. The extra academic readings have also been part of my personal development. The key learning point for me is how to become an effective and successful manager to deal with the ever changing environment. This key learning point is also related to my work beside my study. As a foreign student in Denmark, I have been keeping part time working to support my study. My part time work is weekend housekeeping supervisor in the Grand Hotel. My work is to arrange and manage the work for the housekeeping, helping them and deal with some unexpected event. And the house keepings are all come from different countries. So my work is pretty much related to what I learn in this subject. So how I can be a effective and successful manager to manage my house keeping which also involves the culture differences. Actually at the beginning in the house keeping department is quite bureaucratic, the housekeeping was asked to follow the rules strictly and the supervisor is very much autocratic style. In the past year, there are many housekeeping left the work. After this our supervisor have gradually changed her style, she realized the problem and start to communicate more with housekeeping, understanding in some case that it’s difficult f of housekeeping and redesigned the working environment, she have changed the cleaning equipment for housekeeping that easy to use. After the changes the house keeping start willing to talk about the problem occurs during the work and the stressed working atmosphere has changed to easy and friendly atmosphere. During my work I have seen these changes and see the clearly effects on the house keepings daily work and realized the importance of the management and deal with the changes. Now the house keepings are more stable and reduced the job quite rate. And related my knowledge to my work have really helped me to complete my successfully. As supervisor playing the manager and leadership role, want to be an effective and successful manager really need to understand the changing environment, understand the importance of HRM and same time to continually building the traits that managers should have. We are living in an era when leadership is needed more than ever (Daft 2010). In the future I am more interested in develop myself to effective leadership. The research finds that charismatic and transformational leadership approaches are more effective that the others. Daft 2010) so to being the effective leadership it’s important to build positive role model for followers, improve and develop myself consistency to be able to inspire and motivate the followers to perform at high levels. References ? Donnelly, J. H. , Gibson, J. L. Ivoncevich J. N. , 1984, Fundamentals of Management, 5th Edition, Texas: Business Publication Inc. , P. G3; Definition probably more suitable in case studies relating to personnels, managem ent style, etc.

Of Mice and Men2 essays

Of Mice and Men2 essays In the end of Of Mice and Men there are three choices the protaganist, George, must decide on. He either must run away with Lennie, not do anything and let the others kill Lennie, or kill Lennie himself. His final decision reflects his personality and his respect for his friends. As George's character develops throughout the story he realizes the outcome before it even happens. George's solution to Lennie's mistake becomes his only reasonable choice. George realizes the solution after predicting consequences of each potential option. George's first option was to tell Lennie to run away after meeting in the brush. If George was to choose this option, both Lennie and George would have gotten shot. It would have looked like they planned the killing of Curley's wife together. There were no ties between Curley or anyone on the ranch, so nothing would have stopped Curley from putting a bullet in both of their heads. George obviously didn't want to die, so running away would be a bad choice. Secondly, George could have stayed at the ranch with Candy and done nothing for Lennie. He knew Lennie was going to be hunted and killed. He knew it from the moment he saw Curley's wife lying dead in the barn. It was clear to George that there was no way out for Lennie. Also, George knew that he could not live with himself if he let the man he was responsible for be killed by Curley. So, opting to do nothing for Lennie would have been a regrettable choice for George. Lennie didn't know what he was doing and it was not fair that he should be killed out of hatred. George had learned a lot from Candy when he said, "I ought to of shot that dog myself, George. I shouldn't ought to of let no stranger shoot my dog."(Chapter 3, 61). Candy had taught him that if Lennie's death was inevitable, it might as well be done by someone who knows him and cares about him. Lennie had to be killed out of love. ...

How to Improve Your English Spelling

How to Improve Your English Spelling How to Improve Your English Spelling How to Improve Your English Spelling By Michael Addyson, a sixth grader who loves to write, asks, How can I learn to spell better? Thats certainly a worthy question, and over the years, weve given many suggestions for better spelling. I Before E, Except After C How Do I Become a Better Speller? Five Spelling Rules for â€Å"Silent Final E† The Six Spellings of â€Å"Long E† The Eight Spellings of â€Å"Long O† The Spellings of â€Å"Shun† But when young writers ask for advice on spelling or grammar, I always emphasize something else first. Spelling is not writing. Grammar is not writing. Writing is saying, in the clearest way you can, whats on your mind or in your heart. Despite what your teachers may be saying, poor spelling does not keep you from great writing. How do I know? Because people with dyslexia or dysgraphia have become successful authors, including Agatha Christie, John Irving, Avi, Jeanne Betancourt, and Fannie Flagg. And some of the most important writers of modern times couldnt spell. The greatest poor spellers Ernest Hemingway His reply when his newspaper editors complained about his bad spelling: Well, thats what youre hired to correct! He must have not been paying attention in school the day his teacher said, Drop the e and add ing, because he often spelled loveing and moveing. He often used and when he could have used a comma. He still got a Nobel Prize for Literature. F. Scott Fitzgerald His editors had to correct hundreds of spelling mistakes in The Great Gatsby, such as yatch, apon, definate, and critisism. He couldnt even remember how to spell the name of his best friend, who was Ernest Hemingway. One critic wrote, I have said that This Side of Paradise commits almost every sin that a novel can possibly commit: but it does not commit the unpardonable sin: it does not fail to live. William Butler Yeats He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1923, but he got poor spelling grades on his report cards, for words such as â€Å"feal† and â€Å"sleap. Unfortunately, his handwriting and spelling counted against him when his essays were graded, though he did well when he could read them aloud. He also had a habit of forgetting his school books. Winston Churchill Works such as the four-volume A History of the English-Speaking Peoples led to the 1953 Nobel Prize for Literature. But a childhood report card said, Writing is good, but terribly slow - spelling about as bad as it well can be. William Faulkner One editor remarked on his misspellings, faulty punctuation and accidental repetition. Before achieving the literary fame that led to the 1949 Nobel Prize, he worked two years as University of Mississippis postmaster in a stream-of-consciousness sort of way, editing the mail by throwing it out if he didnt consider it important. Jane Austen Her misspellings included â€Å"scissars† and at age 15, she titled a novel Love and Freindship (remember, I before E except after C). Later editors tamed her spelling, punctuation, and grammar, but according to Oxford University English professor Kathryn Sutherland, a new study of 1,100 handwritten pages of Austens unpublished manuscripts shows she had a better gift for dialogue than anyone had suspected, when editors didnt mess it up. The best way to learn spelling One reason that spelling in English can be so difficult is that our words come from so many different languages with different spelling rules. Thats why spelling bees can be so competitive. Spanish schools dont have spelling bees. Why bother? Spanish is always written phonetically, so any native Spanish-speaking child can correctly spell anything they can write. This is not true of English. The best way to learn to spell better depends on your own learning style. If you learn by hearing, spell words out loud, or have someone else do it for you. Sing the letters. Listen to the rhythm, and you may sense the rules behind them. Teach someone else. If you learn kinesically; that is, by movement, tracing words on paper or in the air may cement their correct spelling in your memory. Typing them will help too. If you learn by seeing, the more you read, the more your spelling will improve. Using a keyboard will help. Seeing what you just typed appearing neatly on the screen may trigger your right/wrong sensors more reliably than trying to read your handwriting. If you learn logically, organize your word lists by rule or family. Not all logic is verbal, and you can sharpen your unconscious spelling sense simply by putting all the words together that end with ed or start with eu. Strategies for better spelling It helps to learn basic spelling rules, but dont worry if you still make mistakes. After a two year study, Stanford University researchers determined that you would need more than 650 rules to correctly spell the 20,000 most common words in the English language. If you learned 300 rules, you might be able to spell half of them. Learn to spell words according to families; that is, in groups of similarly spelled words. In a spelling bee, to make the competition harder, the judges make sure that every word is different from the next. But learning to spell is not a competition, so spelling lists should be as easy to learn as possible with each word similar to the next. In a few minutes, a child can learn to spell take, rake, make, lake, bake, cake, sake, and wake. So when you study patriarch, you may as well learn arch, archive, archaic, architecture, archipelago, and archaeology at the same time. Simply seeing arch on that list might be enough reminder to spell the others correctly. Besides, getting question after question right makes a student feel good. Learn to spell words according to their etymology; that is, according to their language of origin. Many Arabic words begin with al (meaning the) while many Hebrew names end with el (meaning God). In words that came from Greek, the f sound is spelled ph. If you remember those word origins, you will never spell algebra as elgebra, Michael as Micheal, or photograph as fotograf. Though some people may judge you for your mistakes, success in life doesnt depend on good spelling. Fortunately, spellcheckers and friends can help. But when opponents criticized Andrew Jacksons spelling, the future U.S. President retorted, Its a poor mind that can think of only one way to spell a word. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Compared "to" or Compared "with"?How to Pronounce Mobile40 Idioms with First

Moral, Legal, Political and Practical Dimensions of Assassinations and Research Paper

Moral, Legal, Political and Practical Dimensions of Assassinations and The Assassination of John F. Kennedy - Research Paper Example Publicly, a man named Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested as the sole perpetrator of the crime but intense questioning of Oswald was prevented by another fatal shooting, this time conducted by a man named Jack Ruby who shot Oswald as he was being transported and then died in prison shortly afterward as a result of illness. However, reports continued to come in that shots were heard from another direction from that in which Oswald was hidden, reports that were given more credence once the president’s body was examined. In order for Oswald to have killed the president, it was argued, he would have had to have had a ‘magic bullet’ that was capable of ricocheting around inside the president’s body in an unnatural way before finding an exit. While this report does not promise any definitive answers to what actually happened that day in Dealey Plaza, it does take a look at the event as it is known and some of the controversy that has emerged surrounding the Warren Com mission’s report. President Kennedy was the nation’s 35th president, was the youngest president up to that time and was the first Irish Catholic president to serve (â€Å"John Kennedy†, 2007). As president, Kennedy worked to further the cause of Civil Rights and worked for the rights of the common man, extending America’s hand to other nations as an aid and support for these same efforts. Also under Kennedy, the Cold War heated up, coming to near blows with the Cuban Missile Crisis in early 1963. Following this event, Kennedy began working for â€Å"a world of law and free choice, banishing the world of war and coercion† (â€Å"John Kennedy†, 2007).  

Nutrition assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nutrition - Assignment Example Fat used also prevents the mixed dough from sticking to the pan and enhances the flavor and taste. Leavening agent used forms a gas as the heat intensifies; leading to the rise of the product; thus a lighter texture of the product. The open spaces created are as a result of the action of leavening agent. The liquid used may be milk, water, and fruit juice. Addition of the liquid to the dry ingredients creates a mixture. As the heat intensifies in the oven, the liquid in the mixture aids in the rising action of the product. The function of the liquid in the recipe is moisture, preserving agent, flavor, and tenderness. Protein in eggs and flour makes the mixture smooth thus leading to a tender product. Sugar is used as a flavor enhancer, tenderizer, and it make up a liquid ingredient. Heat and action of the mixture components causes the flour to brown (Brown, 408). Compare and contrast the nutrient contribution of vegetables from four different classifications of vegetables by filling out the table below. Use 1 cup or 100 grams (gms) as the serving amount for each vegetable. Be consistent in serving size for all vegetables. Use information for the raw product. Use the USDA food Nutrient database, http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/ for your analysis. 4. Sprinkle some of the flour on the board and scrape the dough out of the bowl onto the floured board. Put some flour on your hands and knead the dough for 6-8 minutes or until the dough is smooth and elastic. During this time you will find it necessary to add more flour. (If you have never kneaded dough refer to the video for the technique.) When you have finished kneading take a fourth photo. 5. You will need to wash out your bowl or use another bowl. Coat the bowl with oil or spray it with nonstick coating, put the dough in the bowl and allow it to stand for about one hour. Take a fifth photo of the dough. 7. Allow the dough to rise until doubled in size. Bake in a

The Primal Teen Essay Example for Free

The Primal Teen Essay The purpose of Barbara Strauch’s book, The Primal Teen: What the New Discoveries About the Teenage Brain Tell Us About Our Kids, is to describe the new scientific findings regarding the teen brain in order to help bewildered parents, teachers and other members of society to understand the irrational behavior of teenagers.   The book fulfills its purpose by relating this experience of bewilderment to scientific discoveries that reveal that teenagers are truly not at fault; rather, it is the teen brain that is going through changes that were not understood in the past. As a matter of fact, the scientific discoveries discussed in the book happen to be its main strength.   This is because readers cannot refute the scientific discoveries, even as parents who have misunderstood their teenage kids and believed them to be difficult may change their opinions about their kids after reading the book.   Moreover, the book describes various experiences of parents that the readers, who are parents, may easily relate to. By discussing the scientific discoveries in relation to the parents’ experiences, the book allows parents of teenage kids to easily change their misconceptions about their kids.   If The Primal Teen had described scientific findings about the teen brain without relating them to real experiences of parents, perhaps most parents without a scientific background would have shunned the contents of the book altogether.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   But, The Primal Teen does not just help the parents of teenagers thus.   In point of fact, it helps all readers to understand the topics more fully by relating scientific findings to real life experiences.   All adults are cognizant of the typical relationships between parents and teenagers.   Still, the book reminds them of these relationships, for example, by relating the experience of a mother whose thirteen year old son refused to obey the rule at the school dance. The boy seemed to refuse to understand the consequences of his behavior.   But, Strauch explains that the boy was truly not at fault, given that the prefrontal cortex of the teen brain is under development.   It is the prefrontal cortex that allows individuals to know the consequences of their actions and helps them to plan ahead.   This is the reason why the parents of the thirteen year old should have understood that their kid simply could not help doing what he did.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I would definitely recommend the book to parents of teenagers who mistakenly believe that their teenage kids are complete adults even though they are not.   Even adults who have experienced disturbing teenage years should be asked to read the book.   I am certainly better off by having read the book.   It helps me to understand my own teenage experiences.   I have made plenty of irrational decisions during teenage years.   Furthermore, I have experienced conflicts in my relationships because of my own irrational behavior during teenage years. The Primal Teen helps me to forgive myself.   What is more, it helps me to forgive the friends I had in my teenage years for their irrational behavior.   I remember taking their behavior very seriously at the time.   The Primal Teen is very helpful because it allows the reader to understand that teenagers are kids even if their bodies are those of adults.

Catcher In The Rye Theme Essay :: essays research papers

Turning your back on the world is not good A major theme of J.D. Salinger’s novel, â€Å" The Catcher in the Rye,† is turning your back on the world is not good. The teenage boy Holden Caulfield demonstrates this theme in the story with the constant negativity he receives as result of his negative attitude. When someone turns their back on the world the consequences are bad. Holden shows this by slacking off leading to his expulsion from school. â€Å" They gave me frequent warning to start applying myself†¦but I didn’t do it. So I got the ax.† Holden proves this theme once more by vandalizing in a fit of rage over the death of his little brother Allie. â€Å"I was only thirteen†¦I broke all the windows in the garage.† Even when Holden does not express his negativity physically he expresses them mentally. â€Å"I’m always saying â€Å"Glad to’ve met you† to somebody I’m not at all glad I met.† â€Å"I felt more depressed much more depressed than sexy.† When a young man turns his back on sex there is definitely something wrong. Even chances for great friendships are ruined when Holden turns his back on a former roommate. â€Å"But I roomed with him for about two whole months, even though he bored me till I was half crazy, just because he was such a terrific whistler†¦.† A chance for romance is ruined also when Holden is annoyed by the supposed inane conversation of his date Sally. â€Å"You give me a royal pain in the ass†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The characters in the book are not oblivious to the fact of Holden’s back turning and negativity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Holden’s little sister Phoebe could see that he turned his back on school after Holden sneaked in her room early for holiday break. â€Å"You did get kicked out!† His old teacher and good friend Mr. Antolini saw that he had a tendency to turn his back on the world too. â€Å"†¦I can very clearly see you dying nobly, one way or another, for some highly unworthy cause.† Holden finally realizes too that turning his back on people isn’t good. â€Å"Don’t ever tell anybody anything. If you do, you start missing everybody.† All the examples of Holden’s back turning in the story show how negativity pushes people away.

Preferences for Boys and Girls in South Korea, China, India and Nepal

Preferences for boys and girls in South Korea, China, India and Nepal The studies of gender bias in several developing countries in Asia have received wide attention over the past two decades. Demographers have noted worrying trends in sex ratio at birth in some of the most populous countries in Asia; South Korea, China, India and Nepal are the most markedly countries. One of the measures of agreement that has been recognized in this phenomenon among these four countries is the traditionally-and-culturally-rooted of son preference. Son preference has several features that illustrate the inclination of the male sex in contrast to the female sex resulting numerous differences in preferences of boys and girls in the societies of these four countries. The features of son preference are based on socio-cultural, socio-economic and institutional factors in South Korea, China, India and Nepal, and consequently, have formed an imbalance in the countries’ sex ratios mainly due to female infants mortality. South Korea was one of the first countries to represent the trend of son preference. This is mainly due to Confucian influence that is acutely embedded in the populace, whereby the eldest son of the most recent male ancestor must lead family rituals. The family â€Å"dies† if there were no sons being born (Westley & Choe 2007). Since pre-industrial South Korea, a person’s access to power, social status and economic opportunities depended heavily on their gender, lineage and their position within that lineage. Chung & Gupta (2007) described that a number of the lineages in South Korea had formed into larger super ordinates lineage or in other words can be referred to as â€Å"clan†, where some joint properties are held and utilized to support ancestor worship rituals and to help lineage members in need. Therefore, it was a primary duty to bear sons to ensure the continuity of a family’s lineage. On another note, son preference played a role in terms of a socio-economic view when the South Korean governments had subsequently reinforced the Confucian traditions in a series of authoritarian policies in order to maintain social and political stability. For example, the Family Law stipulated that family headship must be held by men in the line of the eldest son, inheritance should be through male line, women should be transferred to their husband’s family register upon marriage and children are belonged to the father’s lineage even in the case of divorce (Chung & Gupta 2007). {draw:frame} _Figure 1. 0: Trends in sex ratio at birth and total fertility rate, South Korea, 1980-2003 (Westley & Choe 2007). _ In addition, ultrasound equipment was first mass-produced in the country in the mid-1980s. Therefore, the introduction in technologies to determine the sex of unborn fetuses combined with the widespread of abortion availability made it possible for couples that wanted a son to selectively abort female fetuses. In 1990, as seen in Figure 1. 0, the sex ratio indicated that nearly two boys were born at this birth order for every girl (Westley & Choe 2007) resulting in an increase of sex ratio at its highest peak in South Korea. Similarly as South Korea, son preference became visible in China since it is another Confucian-practiced country. The people held beliefs that a person’s empowerment relies on their lineage and the lineage is solely traced through the male. Therefore, failure to produce a son is considered tantamount to extinction of the family line (Almond et. al 2005). Furthermore, the influence of son preference has been historically and traditionally strong in the country where it can be reflected in this ancient Chinese song quoted; â€Å"When a son is born, Let him sleep on the bed, Clothe him with fine clothes, And give him jade to play†¦ When a daughter is born, Let her sleep on the ground, Wrap her in common wrappings, And give broken tiles to play†¦ â€Å"- Book of Songs (1000-700 B. C. ) (Baculinao 2004). {draw:frame} _Figure 2. 0: Sex ratio of population age 0-4 in China, 1953-2005 (Shuzhuo Li 2007)_ In rural areas of China and among the less educated societies, sons are basically preferred because they are needed to carry out farm work, offer financial support to aging parents, continue the family name and receive family inheritance, and also responsible for ancestor worships. Apart from that, as seen in Figure 3. 0, there has been a sharp rise in sex ratio of children age 0-4 since 1982. This is due to China’s government imposing the â€Å"one-child policy† as one of the forces to fast-track economic modernization. The policy’s main condition is that a family, reliant to their will, is allowed to have one child only. Subsequently, a son is more favoured among the societies due to putting Confucian values into practice (Muller n. d). The government had later on enforced the policy strictly over time where by the regulations included mandatory IUD insertion for all women who had one child and abortion for a woman who had an unauthorized pregnancy. Consequently, out of desperation for a boy, some parents may have killed newborn daughters or undergo an abortion (Graham et. al 1998) and thus, mothers suffer tremendous psychological pressure and health risks while undergoing sex-selected abortions, which affect both their physical and reproductive health (Shuzhuo Li 2007). {draw:frame} Figure 3. 0: Sex ratio of the child and overall population, India, 1951-2001 (Guilmoto 2007)_ In India, son preference is influenced by the strong religious Hindu belief in the country to a certain extent where by a family needs a son to perform last rites in order for salvation to be achieved. In other words, sons are considered as breadwinners as they will look after their parents and continue the family name. In addition, Almond et. al (2005) stated that only sons could light a man’s funeral pyre and perform the traditional ancestor cult. Moreover, some Indian societies practice a tradition whereby daughters have to be married off with a substation dowry and hence, daughters are more often considered as a financial burden resulting the killing of female newborn babies as the final solution to the dowry problem. What is more, it is enlarged and even becoming more accepted, particularly in the poorer areas of India (Almond et. al 2005). Since daughters will be married into another family, therefore only sons can guarantee for the care of the parents in old age, which then resulted a far more widespread practice of discrimination against daughters. Hence, in its most extreme manifestation, the influence of son preference in India can affect on how many girls survive into adulthood and even how girls are born (Westley & Choe 2007). As summarize in Figure 3. 0, from earlier years mortality conditions of female infants had increased from killing of the female infants and sex-discrimination regime started to experience a deep change during the 1970s, since pre-natal sex-determination tests became widely available and often led to selective abortion to female fetus (CHREHPA 2007). draw:frame} Figure 4. 0: Trends in sex ratio at birth under 1 year old in Nepal, 1952/54 – 2001 (CHREHPA 2007). Nepal has been classified as having considerable levels of son preference since the World Fertility Surveys first documented the phenomenon in the 1980s. As seen in Figure 4. 0, there was an inclining trend in sex ratio at birth in 1970s to 1980s. Son preference in Nepal is a little different compared to the other countries concerning the discrimination against daughters are at a distinctive level. Daughters are very much loved in the family, as they are valued for their responsibility in religious festivals as well as for their emotional and household contribution to the family. Hindus in Nepal assign great value to marrying a virgin daughter. Girls marry early and universally in Nepal because of the religious merit bestowed on those who give them in marriage (Karki 1988). Nevertheless, having sons are very highly prized among the Nepalese societies compared to daughters (Leone et. al 2003). Sons are preferred due for old age security, and lineage where by the Hindu code of conduct in Nepal reinforced the transfer of family name through male offspring. Other than that, sons are more desired for their roles in religious rituals, agricultural labor and companionship. However, many Nepalese couples are willing to surpass their ideal family sized to satisfy their desire for sons (Hollander 1997). As a consequence, the son preference has affected the contraceptive behavior in Nepal to the extent that Nepalese rarely begin contraception until the desired numbers of sons are born. However, they began to articulate their realization that large families are contributing to shortage of cultivable land and to the deteriorating fuel wood and water supplies in the hills of Nepal (Karki 1988). Hence, methods of pre-natal sex determination came to view during the 1970s, and according to research from CHREHPA (2007), 10 out of 25 women that had been told the fetus was a girl resorted to sex-selective abortions an increase in Nepal’s maternal mortality rates and sex-ratio imbalance as seen in Figure 4. . As a whole, it can be seen that the rationale behind son preference in South Korea, China, India and Nepal are based on these six features; discriminatory inheritance laws, economic value of sons, continuity of family line, family security and strength, socio-cultural norms and customs and dowry system (Gupta et. al 1998). Enhancement of new medical technologies and sex-selective abortions had somehow supported the idea of son preference in these four countries a nd seem to be a method of having the desired son. Next, it is then perceptibly has created several impacts in socioeconomic and demographic manifestation where by it resulted in higher fertility transition, promotes inequality in social and human development, associated with excess female deaths and poor health of women, lowers quality of life for women, wastes a valuable human resource and perpetuates cycle of poverty and increases income inequality in these four countries (Gupta et. al 1998). Fortunately, the imbalance in sex ratio has spurred some official efforts to shift public opinion in these four countries. Approaches have been made to reduce the sex-ratio imbalances in these countries by making daughters more wanted. Governments and non-governmental organizations work through advocacy, sensitization and awareness-raising programs. In South Korea, after a series of extensive campaigns and programs, sex ratios were once greatly imbalanced, are now returning to normal after women gained status in society through employment opportunities, increased education, and parents with enough money to be financially secure without dependence on their sons (Guilmoto n. . ). South Korea now is the first Asian country to reverse back the trend of rising ratio of sex at birth. China on the other hand, participated by the country’s ambitious â€Å"Care For Girls† program. The program encompasses many dimensions of the sex-ratio predicament. It offers cash and other incentives to families with daughters, scholarships for girls, better housing or loans for targeted families and others. It als o includes several awareness-raising campaigns, as well as repressive measures against illegal abortions and infanticide. In India, a program called Tamil Nadu is created in 2004 that gave monetary rewards to couples that had one or two girls and agreed to be sterilized. The state also created a Cradle babies in which empty cradles were placed in government centers across the states for couples to abandon unwanted female child without killing them. Furthermore, in 2007, the New Delhi municipal government sponsored a program that provide every girl born in a government hospital with a gift deposit of 5000 rupees that accumulated interest and could be cashed once the girls reached the age of 18 (Lederer 2008). Nepal has banned sex-selective abortions in 2002 when it liberalized its own law on abortions. These laws were then strengthened later on in various ways, in order to make them more effective (Guilmoto n. d. ). Although the strategies for reducing son preference and getting back female’s rights are many, these are all rather considered as a short-run implication despite the positive and optimistic outcomes. According to an American demographer who has been closely following China's population program stated that, â€Å"The country may be coming o grips with problem as they country is still in dilemma – emotional and policy dilemma – because the solution to the problem will conflict with other parts of their population strategy to reduce birth rate or some of the measures could perhaps make the problem even worse. The country still has a lot of work to do. There’s no road map yet on how to achieve the goal of normal sex ratio† (Baculinao 2004). There fore, the future trends of the son preference are impossible to predict in the long run. Patriarchal systems are still underneath the attitudes among the societies in these countries. Regardless of how many levels of development in lasting efforts to address sex-selective abortion and female infanticide, it will fully require fundamental changes in cultural norms that promote son preference. References Almond, D, Edlund, L & Milligan K (2005) ‘Son preference and the persistence of culture’. Downloaded from http://www. nber. org/papers/w15391 as at 25 November 2009. Baculinao, E (2004) ‘China grapples with legacy of its ‘missing girls’, MSNBC. Downloaded from http://www. msnbc. msn. com/id/5953508 as at 20 November 2009. Chan, A & Yeoh, B. S. A (2002) ‘Gender, Family and Fertility in Asia: An Introdyuction’. Downloaded from http://www. unescap. org/esid/psis/population/journal/Articles/2002/V17N2A1. pdf . As at 25 November 2009. CHREHPA (2007) ‘ Sex Selection: Pervasiveness and Preparedness in Nepal’. Dowloaded from http://www. unfpa. org/gender/docs/studies/nepal. pdf as at 20 November 2009. Chung, W & Gupta, M. D. (2007)’Why is Son Preference Declining in South Korea? : The Role of Development and Public Policy and the Implications for China and India’, Policy Researh Working Paper, No. 373, The World Bank. Eberstadt, N (2004) ‘Power and Population in Asia: Demographics and the strategic balance’. Downloaded from http://www. aei. org/docLib/20040211_PowerandPopulationinAsia. pdf as at 25 November 2009. Edlund, L & Lee, C (2009) ‘Son pereference, sex selection and economic development: Theory and evidence from South Korea’. Downloaded from http://www. e con. columbia. edu/RePEc/pdf/DP0910-04. pdf as at 25 November 2009. Graham, M. J, Larsen, U (1998) ‘Son Preference in Anhui Province, China’, International Family Planning Perspectives, Vol. 24, No. 2.

Macroeconomics Essay

If an economy produces final output worth $5 trillion, then the amount of gross income generated by that production: is $5 trillion 2. Which of the following would not be Ian expenditure on a final good or service? a medical clinic’s purchase of flu vaccine 3. Which of the following would be included in GDP? payment of the monthly telephone bill by Mr. Laconic 4. Consumption in the expenditures approach to calculating GDP includes: purchases of medical services at the local clinic 5. Which of the following is not considered a component of investment when alculating GDP? purchases of corporate stock 6. Which of the following is not included in GDP? interest payments on the national debt 7. Which of the following would not increase U. S. GDP? increased shipments of Ghanian cocoa to the United States on Greek vessels 8. A farmer grows wheat and sells it to a bakery for $5. The bakery bakes the wheat into bread, which it sells to a distributor for $20. The distributor sells the bread to a supermarket for $30, which sells the bread to customers for $50. Which of the following is true? The supermarket contributed more, in value added, than the bakery. 9. The simple circular flow model shows that: households are on the supply side of the resource market and the demand side of the product market 10. Suppose that the economy is in equilibrium with a trade deficit and that saving is greater than investment. According to the circular flow model, the government’s budget: must be in deficit 1 1 . Which of the following statements is true regarding leakages and injections? Since leakages equal injections, aggregate income equals aggregate expenditure. 2. Which of the following is an injection into the circular flow? transfer payments 13. Which of the following would not be included in the measurement of GDP? transactions in the underground economy 14. GDP is a poor measure of social well-being because: the value of leisure time is not counted in GDP 15. Given the following hypothetical data: C = $3,000; I = $1,200; G = $2,000; X- M $500; depreciation = $200; transfer payments = $800, net domestic product is: $5,500 16. Limitations of the national income accounting system include: valuing all output t its market price regardless of whether it contributes to a society’s economic welfare 17. The price index in the base year always equals: 100 18. Exhibit 01 Product Bread Gum Quantity in market basket 10 5 50 Price in base year $1. 00 1. 00 0. 20 current year $1. 50 2. 00 0. 50 Use the information in [Exhibit 01] to calculate the consumer price index in the current year. CPI = 200 19. If real GDP in a particular year is $5,000 trillion and nominal GDP in that same year is $4,000 trillion, then the: GDP price index is 80 20. A major difference between the CPI and the GDP price index is that the CPI includes: a sample of goods consumed, including imported goods, and the price index includes all domestically produced goods 21 . In double-entry book keeping system of GDP: the value of output produced must equal the value of resource payments generated in producing that output 22. Gross Domestic Product measures the: market value of all final goods and services produced by resources located within a nation regardless of who owns those resources 23. The value of the films produced in the United States starring Charlie

Multiculturalism in the USA

Multiculturalism in the USA Multiculturalism in the USA is one of the main issues for the country as being inhabited by people from different ethnical groups it faces a number of difficulties. One of the main problem the USA faces is cultural assimilation. The USA seems not to have personal culture as the number of immigrants who have come to the country has affected the cultural destinations of the Native Americans and now it seems that the whole culture of the USA is a combination of different cultures which exist in the society.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Multiculturalism in the USA specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are many immigrants who have come to the USA and who have almost become native inhabitants of the country. Still, there are Americans who are considered as Native ones, and there are other ethnical groups who inhabit the country, Hispanic Americans, Mexican Americans, African American, Asian Americans and several groups which appeared recently as one more ethnical group in the USA. Hispanic Americans group is the most varied one as it comprises a number of ethnic groups. Speaking about Hispanic Americans, it should be stated that this ethnic groups stands between Euro-Americans and African Americans, however, the social status of them is not too high than African Americans’ one. Being socially and economically unprotected in the USA, Hispanic Americans do not strive for better lives. Having escaped for a number of countries, from hunger and violence, many Hispanic Americans lead poor lives in the USA, however, they are sure that such life is much better than the life in their countries. Hispanic American population is divided into the groups, Mexican Americans (67%), Puerto Rican Americans (9%), Cuban Americans (4%), Dominican Americans (2%), Central American Hispanics (7%), South American Hispanics (5%) and other Hispanic groups in the USA (8%). Depending on the specific belonging, Hispani c Americans live in different regions of the USA. Of course, it is possible to meet Mexican Americans all over the USA, however, their greatest concentration is in Los Angeles. Considering the reasons why these people came to the USA, the first and the greatest wave of legal and illegal immigration of Hispanic Americans was because of the war regime in the countries of their origin. Various revolutions and civil wars made people run away from their countries. Search for better education and job were other reasons for coming to a strange country. However, the life of Hispanic Americans in the USA is not that easy as it may seem. Even though the USA successfully fights with the remnants of discrimination, there are many prejudices in relation to Hispanic population. Unfortunately, those Hispanic Americans who have darker skin experience more ethnic discrimination than those whose skin in whiter. Poor Hispanic Americans are unable to achieve high success due to their social status. As for me, all people are born equal and no one can treat them in accordance to their origin. However, I can understand Americans who live in the country and who consider it their homes that the more immigrants come of the USA and become its citizens, the less cultural peculiarities America has.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Looking at the USA it is impossible to state which nation predominates as according to its history and the waves of immigration, many foreigners have come to the place and they consider the country their native home. Thus, the cultures have mixed that created additional reasons to worry for Native Americans who begin to lose their country.

Christmas Weather Lore

Christmas Weather Lore Weather lore exists for nearly every season and every type of weather, but many of the most well-known sayings have to do with winter weather.    Besides hoping for a White Christmas, theres another reason youll want to keep a watchful eye on your Christmas Day forecast. According to weather folklore, the weather on Christmas foretells the weather for the remaining winter and upcoming year.   Based on the below sayings, what does your Christmas Day weather suggest? Stormy Christmas Weather   - If theres thunder during Christmas week,The Winter will be anything but meek. - If windy on Christmas, trees will bring much fruit. - If it rain much during the twelve days after Christmas Day it will be a wet year. A Mild Christmas Means Cold Will Come    - A green (warm) Christmas, a white (cold) Easter. - So far as the sun shines on Christmas Day,So far will the snow blow in May. - If the ice will bear a goose before Christmas, it will not bear a duck after. - If Christmas day be bright and clear, therell be two winters in the year.. The below proverbs could be used to forecast whether or not youll see a White Christmas based on the weather at Hollantide a Cornish feast traditionally celebrated at the end of October/first of November  which marked the eve of winter. - If ducks do slide at Hollantide,At Christmas they will swim.If ducks do swim at Hollantide,  At Christmas they will slide. - If Candlemas day be dry and fair,  The half of the winter is gone and mair.If Candlemas day be wet and foul,  The half of the winter is gone at Yule (Christmas). The following sayings have less to do with the weather on Christmas and more to do with what calendar day Christmas falls on:   - If Christmas Day on Thursday be,  A windy winter ye shall see. - It will be the same weather for nine weeks as it is on the ninth day after Christmas. - The nearer the New Moon to Christmas Day, the harder the Winter. Christmas Lore: Where Does It Come From?   Why are these particular Christmas weather scenarios linked to these weather occurrences? Long before there was such a thing as  meteorologists  or tools like barometers or thermometers, farmers, seafarers, and others whose daily work was tied to the weather had nothing to clue them in on what the days weather would bring. To remedy this, people began observing how animals, plants, insects, and even they themselves behaved just before certain weather events. After years and years of noticing these patterns, folks began expecting certain weather based on whether or not they observed these certain events in nature.  They then created rhymes (like those above) to make the connections easily remembered and shared. How many of the above pieces of lore have you heard before? Have you known any of them to ring true where you live?

National Public Health Performance Standards Essay

National Public Health Performance Standards - Essay Example Among the 10 essential services that are offered to the patients, Essential Service 3 requires that the public health providers Inform, Educate and Empower People about Health Issues (CDC, 2013). Under this essential service, several standards have been developed, to ensure that the service providers consistently maintain high quality services and maintain the effectiveness of their systems. The Local Public Health System Performance Assessment for Essential Service3: Inform, Educate and Empower People about Health Issues, operate on the basis of several standards. The first standard is the design of health education, health information and health promotion activities to reduce health risks and promote good health (Institute of Medicine, 2013). This is a very vital standard under the essential service s. The strength of this standard is the fact that; it helps to make the public aware of the health risks that could face them, educate them on how to avoid such risks through the educative promotional activities, and thus enhances the avoidance and prevention of the health risks from occurring, thus avoiding the inconveniences and the costs that would be involved in treating such health issues. The empowerment of the public to reduce the health risks is also essential, since it is the most viable way of addressing common ailments, which can easily be spread to a large numb er of people. By educating and informing the public regarding such risks, they avoid them in advance, and thus make it easy for the health system to address other health issues that are more complex and difficult to avoid (Kuhr,). Another standard designed under the Essential Service3: Inform, Educate and Empower People about Health Issues, is the health communication plans, which include media advocacy and social marketing (CDC, 2013). The strength associated with this strategy is that, it enhances the accessibility of health information and health education by

Successful Music Publication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Successful Music Publication - Essay Example The keys to be successful in this venture is by analyzing different aspects of how the publication will possibly survive in competition such as this one. The competition among music publications is undoubtedly very tight, and even more imposing is the fact that so many publications have already held their ground and established their names as household names, benchmarks in the industry, namely the KERRANG, SNIFFING and NME, all of which have made names for themselves in the 1980's. It is sheer impossibility to surpass the name established by those popular magazine, it is even more difficult to get even closer, but what should be kept in mind is that is not the goal that should be hurriedly achieved. What should be the first in considerations is how to turn the heads of music blokes, along with their curiosities. Until now, KERRANG, NME and SNIFFING are still enjoying relative popularity like their other counterparts. As the researcher had earlier done, having visited the websites of the aforementioned music publications, the three of them possess almost all of the same qualities that contribute to their existence after decades. Their w Their websites are all very eye-catching, all of them are attention-grabbers because of the loud colors and enticing headlines they possess. NME, KERRANG and SNIFFING all give a chance of publicity to new artists, and yet they never neglect the great artists of yesterday along with their immortal hits. An example is the front webpage of NME dated May 12, 2007, posted is the black and white picture of the Beatles, and yet they have links to news concerning artists of this generation. That is a vivid example of how they prioritize their readership. Another aspect they share is they all have the opinion section, for the readers and website browsers to post their opinions regarding anything, about music, the magazine or the website itself, or even their suggestions. The posting of these suggestions on their sites and their print magazines is a surefire way to establish a personal relationship with the readers, making them feel that they are of utmost priority. In the aspect of the news, without the evidence of reading every issue of these magazines and their websites, the researcher noticed that their news is very well-written, especially the headlines. But they are in no way offensive to the readers and they are not even showing a hint of bias towards their posting of news. This is the proof that all music publications should by all means be honest about news, they should give sheer priority to the delivery of accurate statistics, and in-depth and yet impartial analysis of music news around the world. These three music publications have their own style and originality, shown by their mere taglines. NME has the tagline "First for Music News," while for KERRANG, it is "the world's biggest-selling weekly rock magazine." The taglines are proofs of their originality. They are still enjoying success because of the things that they have done and still doing up until today. Task 2 - Chosen Music Genre I choose pop music. Why Because virtually all music lovers are indulged in this genre, all ages,

Competitive Strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Competitive Strategy - Assignment Example Most Waitrose stores are located in the upmarket areas of London, enjoying relatively prime areas compared to its competitors; a 1995 survey by Which? Magazine rated Waitrose as the most expensive supermarket chain based on its prime location. The price differences were influenced by its locations, with most of the chains being located at the Home Counties, Southern England, London and South-East England, which are among areas largely populated by middle to high-class customers (Williamson et al 2008, p.190). The business operates with the mission of making all its employees happy and a vision of dealing honestly with a customer to secure their trust in provision of high value services and a wide choice of products. John Lewis partnership largely deals in a wide range of products in addition to food products. The partnership has a good market command in dealing with a variety of merchandise that include household products, electrical gadgets , furnishing products, home based applianc es and devices, a wide range of fruits, beef and chicken products among other daily products, fashion ornaments and raiment, mushrooms among other numerous products (Bloomberg Business Week, 2011). Essentially, John Lewis partnership has something for everyone and strategizes to suit the needs of every customer, a strategy that has worked wonderfully in attracting and retaining its customers and as a critical strategy to the partnership. In addition to the above merchandise, John Lewis Partnership offers a relatively wide range of auxiliary services in insurance packages that range from pet insurance, wedding based insurance packages, travel insurance and life insurance covers to its employees (Rendall & Seth 2011, p.91). According to Finch, John Lewis partnership to achieve this end has elaborate plans to open more stores within and outside the UK market. This would be achieved by taking products as close to the customer as possible, and employing creative approaches that would hav e the partnership identify specific consumer needs and target them as precisely as possible. For instance, one of the strategies undertaken by John Lewis was to have consumers buy term insurance products directly over the internet and phone, with Greenbee, a direct services company being unveiled to undertake this innovation. This is aimed at ensuring customers have the same level of trust and confidence in their level of services as they have in consumer goods and foodstuffs (Money Marketing 2006, p.3). Waitrose, one of the major businesses under John Lewis was not affected by the recent recessions that greatly affected most businesses, but realised more than 11% growth at the same period (Finch, 2011). The impressive record as Finch observed beats John Lewis up market rivals such as Marks and Spencer, with high expectations of growth being projected in the future as the partnership lays its expansion plans to other markets. According to John Lewis Plc (2012, pp.4-5) the Partnershi p’s financial statement shows that its profitability reduced significantly in 2012 compared to 2011. In 2012, the company had an impressive performance with the partnership’s turnover increasing by 6.45% to ?8.73 billion, though the group’s operating profits fell by 8.9% to ?391.0 million. This led to a

Children are a Blessing from God

Children are a Blessing from God Many have heard of yuppies but have you heard of dinkies? The first type refers to those young urban professionals who are financially secured. Dinkies (double income but no kids) refer to those married couples having no intention or unwilling to have children. Look at nature birds, bees, trees, plants and all other living things created by God. Is there a specie that does not reproduce? Every Gods creature, even a single-celled amoeba, procreates for the survival of their specie. Yet why some married couples, capable of being parents, refused to have children? Freedom to travel and to enjoy life is a frequent answer. Other reasons include less expenses, less responsibilities and fewer problems in short less headaches. A few crudely replied, We simply dont like children as if they have never been children themselves. Some argue that the old Chinese saying, raising children to safeguard our old age, no longer applies as they saw the presence of neglected parents around. They are absolutely right. Bringing up children involves countless sacrifices and giving up many of lifes enjoyment. A parents responsibilities start from a childs conception onwards to adulthood and oftentimes beyond. From a purely economic viewpoint, investing the money spent in raising and educating a child could easily provide for a comfortable retirement. All these reasons centre on avoiding responsibility and maximizing enjoyment in life. Barring any justifiable reason, there is only one appropriate word to describe this self-centred attitude selfishness. The reason to raise and to sacrifice for our children can also be summarized simply in one word love the opposite of selfishness. Love for God, our Creator by following Christs teachings. Married couples should regard it as their proper mission to transmit human life and to educate their children; they should realize that they are thereby cooperating with the love of God the Creator. They will fulfill this duty with a sense of human and Christian responsibility. (CCC #2367) Love for our spouse, i.e. to bring forth the fruits of a sacred marriage. Fecundity (producing or capable of producing offspring) is a gift, an end of marriage, for conjugal love naturally tends to be fruitful. Children are the fruits of our love for our spouse and fulfillment of our marriage. The Catechism teaches A child does not come from outside as something added on to the mutual love of the spouses, but springs from the very heart of that mutual giving, as its fruit and fulfillment. (CCC #2379) Look at those who intentionally shrink from their responsibility of having children. They may look happy and carefree but can they really find joy in their lives? I felt sorry for a former colleague suffering from mid-life emotional problems. Adamantly, he ridiculed the formality of marriage and refused to have children. I wonder if his newest Mercedes limousine, latest audio-visual equipment, memories of world travel and investment portfolio could take the place of children Gods gift that he had refused in giving joy to him and his spouse. Danny, a friend who recovered fully from cancer, told me that the support of his wife and two daughters gave him the courage to withstand the rigors of chemotherapy and other pains. He praised God for the most precious gift, his children. As for those neglected parents in their old age, they have done their duties for God and for their children. Whether their children will fulfill their own towards their parents is another matter. In comforting neglected parents, my wife, Mary, explained, Consider the joy and happiness that your child had given to you as consolation for your past sacrifices and love. Be glad that you have done your duty. A child is not something owed to one, but is a gift. The supreme gift of marriage is a human person. However, those couples who did not receive this gift need not despair. (They) should unite themselves with the Lords Cross, the source of all spiritual fecundity. They can give expression to their generosity by adopting abandoned children or performing demanding services for others. (CCC#2379) Before receiving the gift of children at his old age, Abraham asked God, What will you give me for I continue childless?(Gen 15:2) Remember, sometimes God acts in a mysterious way. Spouses suffering from infertility may not realize that Gods gift comes in many ways and at different time. Instead of giving them children, He may have given other gifts. Have faith and follow His will. For those who are struggling to support large families, they can find solace in our Churchs teaching: Sacred Scripture and the Churchs traditional practice see in large families a sign of Gods blessing and the parents generosity (CCC#2373). Our children are indeed a blessing and a gift from God.

Essay --

Before 2003 there were six million people living peacefully and all of the sudden there were three million people displaced, 400,000 people dead, and one despot. This sudden change was due to the Darfur government killing the citizens of Darfur. It began in 2003 when two peacekeeping rebel groups challenged the Darfur government, accusing it of neglect. The government responded by killing and raping as many people they could making it a national genocide. A Genocide is the action of deliberately killing a group of people, specifically one certain ethnic group or religion. Darfur's government and the Janjaweed army have been devastating lives of the Darfurian people by destroying their homes and killing many Darfurians since the beginning of 2003. The Genocide has been said to have officially started on February 26, 2003 when a rebel group called DLF publically claimed that they had attacked Golo, Western Darfur. Even before the genocide had began there were several attacks on the Darfur government by rebel groups. For example, on February 25, 2002 the rebels attacked an army garrison on a mountain. This all started in Sudan, which is the largest country in Africa, located south of Egypt. Darfur is one of the eighteen states in Sudan is about the size of Texas. Darfur is broken up into five smaller states, which are West Darfur, Central Darfur, East Darfur, South Darfur, and North Darfur. Darfur is bordered by Chad, Libya, and Central African Republic. The Darfurians have not only been troubled by the government, but also by the lack of food and water. The rough and desert like terrain makes it hard to grow crops. The region is also very drought prone making it hard to grow crops too. The state of Darfur has about six mi ... ...e in that one shooting 136 men was killed. This incident happened in Garisla, an area south of Zingei, in Wadi Saleh. Darfur's government and the Janjaweed army have been devastating lives of the Darfurian people by destroying their homes and killing many Darfurians since the beginning of 2003. Darfur’s genocide has impacted the world greatly by warning people what could happen with a corrupt government. The current issue has put fear in everyone’s lives by making them think about every decision that the government is making. I believe that the current situation in Darfur is unfair for the people. Instead of living life, they are trying to survive. A newspaper has said that the â€Å"United Nations officials have characterized the situation as ‘the greatest humanitarian catastrophe ever.’† Everyday the Darfurians wake up thinking â€Å"will I see the sun rise tomorrow?†

Demand and Law of Demand Essay

Demand is the willingness and ability of buyer to purchase different quantities of a good at different prices during a specific period of time. By definition, the law of demand refers to: As the price of a good rises, quantity demanded of that good falls; as the price of a good falls, quantity demanded of that good rises, ceteris paribus. The Law of Demand states that people will buy more of a product at a lower price than at a higher price, if nothing changes. Besides that, it also states that at a lower price, more people can afford to buy more goods and more of an item more frequently, than they can at a higher price. Other then that, it also states that at lower prices, people tend to buy some goods as a substitute for others more expensive. There are four ways to represent The Law of Demand; 1. In wordsï ¼Å¡As price rises, quantity demand falls, ceteris paribus. 2. In symbols: P(price)↑Q(quantity)↓ 3. In a demand schedule 4. In a demand curve Explain supply and the law of supply.  By definition, supply is the willingness and ability of sellers to produce and offer to sell different quantities of a good at different prices during specific period of time. Law of Supply refer to: As the price of a good rises, the quantities supplied of the good rises; and as the price of a goods falls, the quantities of the good falls The Law of Supply states that at higher prices, producers are willing to offer more products for sale than at lower prices. Besides that, it also states that the supply increases as prices increase and decreases as prices decrease. Other then that, it states that those already in businesses will try to increase productions as a way of increasing profits. How market equilibrium is achieved? Market equilibrium is a condition under which the quantity supplied is equal to the quantity demanded; when a market is in equilibrium, there is no tendency for change. The equilibrium price is the price at which the quantity demanded is equal to the quantity supplied. Shortages occur when  price is below the equilibrium price; shortages cause the price to rise. Surpluses occur when price is above the equilibrium price; surpluses cause the price to fall.